{"id":2385,"date":"2024-12-03T23:37:10","date_gmt":"2024-12-03T23:37:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/?p=2385"},"modified":"2024-12-03T23:37:11","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T23:37:11","slug":"%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%81-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/ar\/2024\/12\/03\/%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%81-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641<\/strong> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2395\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_4_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.aNAk-b3TED-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_4_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.aNAk-b3TED-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_4_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.aNAk-b3TED-1-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_4_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.aNAk-b3TED-1-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2400\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_7_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_7_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_7_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_7_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2390\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_5_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_5_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_5_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_5_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2397\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_8_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_8_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_8_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_8_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2401\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_6_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_6_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_6_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_6_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2396\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_10_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_10_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_10_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photo_10_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576-2-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2388\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_14_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.2Ic79Ga83D-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_14_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.2Ic79Ga83D-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_14_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.2Ic79Ga83D-1-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_14_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.2Ic79Ga83D-1-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2387\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_13_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.rufDiMNHxz-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_13_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.rufDiMNHxz-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_13_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.rufDiMNHxz-1-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_13_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.rufDiMNHxz-1-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2389\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_19_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.y7KadeGNEM-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2389\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_19_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.y7KadeGNEM-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_19_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.y7KadeGNEM-1-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_19_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.y7KadeGNEM-1-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2392\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_17_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.rhEpvbmhej-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_17_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.rhEpvbmhej-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_17_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.rhEpvbmhej-1-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_17_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.rhEpvbmhej-1-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2391\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_20_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.3CgBrPBT6r-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_20_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.3CgBrPBT6r-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_20_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.3CgBrPBT6r-1-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_20_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.3CgBrPBT6r-1-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2398\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_18_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.ntHuxgIMpp-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_18_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.ntHuxgIMpp-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_18_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.ntHuxgIMpp-1-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_18_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.ntHuxgIMpp-1-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2393\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_2_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.4EMR60zAlT-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_2_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.4EMR60zAlT-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_2_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.4EMR60zAlT-1-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_2_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.4EMR60zAlT-1-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2386\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_1_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.P0FYWf8OcS-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_1_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.P0FYWf8OcS-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_1_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.P0FYWf8OcS-1-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_1_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.P0FYWf8OcS-1-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"2399\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_3_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.V3OUdhMkrh-2.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_3_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.V3OUdhMkrh-2.webp 1024w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_3_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.V3OUdhMkrh-2-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_3_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.V3OUdhMkrh-2-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/ar\/2024\/12\/03\/%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%81-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2367,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[60,68,44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sdg12","category-sdg16","category-sdg4"],"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_3_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.V3OUdhMkrh-1.webp",1024,576,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_3_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.V3OUdhMkrh-1.webp",1024,576,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_3_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.V3OUdhMkrh-1.webp",1024,576,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_3_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.V3OUdhMkrh-1-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_3_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.V3OUdhMkrh-1-300x169.webp",300,169,true],"large":["https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_3_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.V3OUdhMkrh-1.webp",1024,576,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_3_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.V3OUdhMkrh-1.webp",1024,576,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/xphoto_3_2023-11-19_21-01-02-1024x576.jpg.pagespeed.ic_.V3OUdhMkrh-1.webp",1024,576,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Dr.Alaa","author_link":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/author\/dr-ahmad\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a 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