{"id":8492,"date":"2026-10-28T10:52:55","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T10:52:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/concept-methodology-ar\/"},"modified":"2026-10-28T11:24:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T11:24:11","slug":"concept-methodology-ar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/ar\/concept-methodology-ar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ds-page ds-gen-page\" dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"ar\"><header class=\"ds-hero\"><nav class=\"ds-crumbs\" aria-label=\"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/ar\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><span class=\"sep\">\/<\/span><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/nav><h1>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h1><\/header><div class=\"ds-doc\"><aside><nav class=\"ds-toc\"><h4>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629<\/h4><ol><li><a href=\"#research-types\">\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#added-value-of-interdisciplinary-research\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#interdisciplinary-classification-framework\">\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#criteria-for-classifying-research\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav><\/aside><div class=\"ds-prose\"><section class=\"ds-intro\"><h3>\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/h3><p>\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/p><p>\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p><\/section><section id=\"research-types\"><h2 class=\"bar\">\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b<\/h2><h3>1. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/h3><p>\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p><h3>2. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629)<\/h3><p>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p><h3>3. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/h3><p>\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/section><section id=\"added-value-of-interdisciplinary-research\"><h2 class=\"bar\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/h2><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li><strong>\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e.<\/li><li><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u2013 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong> \u2013 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong> \u2013 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u2013 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li><li><strong>\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u2013 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section id=\"interdisciplinary-classification-framework\"><h2 class=\"bar\">\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/h2><p>\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/p><div class=\"ds-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section id=\"criteria-for-classifying-research\"><h2 class=\"bar\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b<\/h2><ol class=\"ds-olist\"><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li><li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/li><li>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/li><li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/li><li>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/li><li>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/li><\/ol><h3>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629<\/h3><p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u064e\u0651\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a.<\/p><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/ar\/concept-methodology-ar\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8492","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Dr.Alaa","author_link":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/author\/dr-ahmad\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":" <a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/ar\/\" rel=\"tag\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b 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\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8492","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8492"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8492\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9452,"href":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8492\/revisions\/9452"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}