{"id":3253,"date":"2025-11-05T22:08:41","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T22:08:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/?page_id=3253"},"modified":"2026-10-28T09:30:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T09:30:15","slug":"energy-reviews-audits-7-2-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/energy-reviews-audits-7-2-5\/","title":{"rendered":"Energy Reviews &amp; Audits (7.2.5)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"ds-page ds-ind-page\"><header class=\"ds-hero\" style=\"--sdg:#FCC30B;--sdg-ink:#1f2937\"><nav class=\"ds-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/\">Home<\/a><span class=\"sep\">\/<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/sdg-7-affordable-and-clean-energy\/\">SDG 7<\/a><span class=\"sep\">\/<\/span><span>7.2.5<\/span><\/nav><div class=\"ds-badge\"><b>7<\/b>Affordable and Clean Energy<\/div><h1>Energy Reviews &amp; Audits<\/h1><div class=\"ds-meta\"><span><i class=\"ds-ic\" style=\"--i:url(https:\/\/api.iconify.design\/lucide\/hash.svg)\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> Indicator 7.2.5<\/span><span><i class=\"ds-ic\" style=\"--i:url(https:\/\/api.iconify.design\/lucide\/book-open.svg)\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> 11 sections<\/span><\/div><\/header><div class=\"ds-layout\"><aside class=\"ds-aside\"><details class=\"ds-nav\" open><summary><i class=\"ds-ic\" style=\"--i:url(https:\/\/api.iconify.design\/lucide\/list-tree.svg)\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> SDG 7 Indicators <span class=\"n\">15<\/span><\/summary><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/sustainability-report-sdg-07\/\"><code>7.0<\/code>Sustainability Report \u2013 SDG 07<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/research-on-clean-energy-7-1\/\"><code>7.1<\/code>Research on Clean Energy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/energy-efficient-buildings-policy-7-2-1\/\"><code>7.2.1<\/code>Energy-Efficient Buildings Policy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/building-upgrades-7-2-2\/\"><code>7.2.2<\/code>Building Upgrades<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/carbon-management-system-7-2-3\/\"><code>7.2.3<\/code>Carbon Management System<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/energy-efficiency-plan-7-2-4\/\"><code>7.2.4<\/code>Energy Efficiency Plan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/energy-reviews-audits-7-2-5\/\" aria-current=\"page\"><code>7.2.5<\/code>Energy Reviews &amp; Audits<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/divestment-policy-7-2-6\/\"><code>7.2.6<\/code>Divestment Policy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/energy-use-density7-3\/\"><code>7.3<\/code>Energy Use Density<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/community-energy-education-7-4-1\/\"><code>7.4.1<\/code>Community Energy Education<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/public-renewable-pledge-7-4-2\/\"><code>7.4.2<\/code>Public Renewable Pledge<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/industry-energy-support-7-4-3\/\"><code>7.4.3<\/code>Industry Energy Support<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/government-energy-collaboration7-4-4\/\"><code>7.4.4<\/code>Government Energy Collaboration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/low-carbon-startups-7-4-5\/\"><code>7.4.5<\/code>Low-Carbon Startups<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/low-carbon-energy-use-7-5\/\"><code>7.5<\/code>Low-Carbon Energy Use<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"ds-nav-foot\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/index.php\/sdg-7-affordable-and-clean-energy\/\"><i class=\"ds-ic\" style=\"--i:url(https:\/\/api.iconify.design\/lucide\/layout-grid.svg)\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i> SDG 7 overview<\/a><\/div><\/details><\/aside><div class=\"ds-main\"><nav class=\"ds-chipnav\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><b>On this page<\/b><a href=\"#executive-summary\">Executive Summary<\/a><a href=\"#1-introduction\">1. Introduction<\/a><a href=\"#2-scope-and-methodology\">2. Scope and Methodology<\/a><a href=\"#3-energy-consumption-profile-of-uoa\">3. Energy Consumption Profile of UOA<\/a><a href=\"#4-energy-audit-findings\">4. Energy Audit Findings<\/a><a href=\"#5-proposed-energy-efficiency-improvements\">5. Proposed Energy Efficiency Improvements<\/a><a href=\"#6-financial-analysis-and-roi\">6. Financial Analysis and ROI<\/a><a href=\"#7-implementation-roadmap\">7. Implementation Roadmap<\/a><a href=\"#8-alignment-with-sdg-7\">8. Alignment with SDG 7<\/a><a href=\"#9-conclusion\">9. Conclusion<\/a><a href=\"#10-references\">10. References<\/a><\/nav><div class=\"ds-prose\"><section class=\"ds-intro\"><h3>Energy Reviews and Audit Report for University of Al Maarif (UOA)<\/h3><h4>Aligned with SDG 7 \u2013 Affordable and Clean Energy<\/h4><\/section><section id=\"executive-summary\"><h2 class=\"bar\">Executive Summary<\/h2><p>Universities are significant energy consumers, and improving energy efficiency is vital to achieving <strong>SDG 7 \u2013 Affordable and Clean Energy<\/strong>. The University of Al Maarif (UOA) has undertaken a comprehensive <strong>Energy Review and Audit<\/strong> to identify areas of high energy consumption, assess energy performance, and propose actionable improvements to enhance sustainability.<\/p><p>The audit focused on academic buildings, laboratories, residential dormitories, administrative offices, and recreational facilities. It evaluated electricity, heating, cooling, and water-related energy consumption, highlighting inefficiencies, high-consumption patterns, and potential for renewable energy integration.<\/p><p>Key findings include:<\/p><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Academic and research buildings account for over 55% of total campus energy consumption.<\/li><li>Laboratories and IT centers consume disproportionately high energy due to equipment loads and continuous operation.<\/li><li>Residential dormitories and administrative offices show opportunities for lighting and HVAC optimization.<\/li><li>Lack of monitoring systems and energy awareness leads to energy wastage.<\/li><\/ul><p>The report proposes targeted efficiency interventions, including:<\/p><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Retrofitting lighting systems with LED and motion sensors.<\/li><li>Optimizing HVAC schedules and upgrading equipment.<\/li><li>Implementing renewable energy solutions such as solar PV and solar water heating.<\/li><li>Establishing an Energy Management Information System (EMIS) for continuous monitoring.<\/li><li>Promoting energy-saving behavior among staff and students.<\/li><\/ul><p>The Energy Review and Audit report provides a roadmap for UOA to reduce energy consumption, lower carbon emissions, improve operational efficiency, and demonstrate leadership in sustainable higher education aligned with SDG 7.<\/p><\/section><section id=\"1-introduction\"><h2><span class=\"num\">01<\/span>Introduction<\/h2><h3>1.1 Background<\/h3><p>Energy efficiency is an essential component of sustainable development, contributing to <strong>affordable, reliable, and clean energy<\/strong>, as emphasized by SDG 7. In higher education institutions, energy consumption encompasses academic operations, research, residential facilities, and support services, making universities both <strong>energy-intensive and ideal testbeds<\/strong> for sustainability practices.<\/p><p>The University of Al Maarif (UOA) recognizes the environmental and financial impacts of its energy consumption. Conducting a comprehensive <strong>Energy Review and Audit<\/strong> allows the university to:<\/p><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Identify high-consumption areas.<\/li><li>Assess energy performance relative to international standards.<\/li><li>Develop actionable strategies for energy efficiency and renewable energy integration.<\/li><li>Foster a culture of sustainability and responsible energy use among students and staff.<\/li><\/ul><h3>1.2 Objectives<\/h3><p>The main objectives of this Energy Review and Audit are:<\/p><ol class=\"ds-olist\"><li>Identify <strong>high-energy consumption areas<\/strong> within UOA\u2019s campus.<\/li><li>Assess energy performance and inefficiencies in buildings and facilities.<\/li><li>Propose <strong>technical and behavioral interventions<\/strong> to reduce energy consumption.<\/li><li>Provide a <strong>strategic roadmap<\/strong> for sustainable energy management aligned with SDG 7.<\/li><li>Establish baseline data and KPIs for ongoing monitoring and reporting.<\/li><\/ol><\/section><section id=\"2-scope-and-methodology\"><h2><span class=\"num\">02<\/span>Scope and Methodology<\/h2><h3>2.1 Scope<\/h3><p>The audit covers all major energy-consuming facilities across the UOA campus, including:<\/p><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li><strong>Academic buildings<\/strong> \u2013 classrooms, lecture halls, and administrative offices.<\/li><li><strong>Laboratories and IT centers<\/strong> \u2013 high-load research and computing equipment.<\/li><li><strong>Dormitories and residential facilities<\/strong> \u2013 lighting, cooling\/heating, water heating.<\/li><li><strong>Administrative buildings<\/strong> \u2013 offices, conference rooms, and support services.<\/li><li><strong>Recreational facilities<\/strong> \u2013 gyms, auditoriums, and sports centers.<\/li><\/ul><h3>2.2 Methodology<\/h3><p>The energy audit followed a structured approach:<\/p><ol class=\"ds-olist\"><li><strong>Data Collection<\/strong><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Historical electricity bills, fuel consumption, and water heating data.<\/li><li>Building specifications, equipment inventories, and operational schedules.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>On-site Surveys<\/strong><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Physical inspection of lighting, HVAC systems, and energy-intensive equipment.<\/li><li>Monitoring of peak loads and operational patterns.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Energy Performance Assessment<\/strong><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Calculation of energy intensity (kWh\/m\u00b2) and energy consumption per student.<\/li><li>Identification of high-consumption equipment and operational inefficiencies.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Analysis and Recommendations<\/strong><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Prioritization of energy-saving interventions based on technical feasibility and cost-effectiveness.<\/li><li>Proposal of renewable energy solutions and behavioral measures.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><h3>2.3 Key Audit Tools<\/h3><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li><strong>Energy meters and sensors<\/strong> for real-time monitoring.<\/li><li><strong>Building Energy Simulation Models<\/strong> to evaluate retrofit scenarios.<\/li><li><strong>Benchmarking Standards<\/strong> from UI GreenMetric and international energy efficiency guidelines.<\/li><li><strong>Data Analytics Software<\/strong> for processing and visualizing energy consumption patterns.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section id=\"3-energy-consumption-profile-of-uoa\"><h2><span class=\"num\">03<\/span>Energy Consumption Profile of UOA<\/h2><h3>3.1 Overall Campus Energy Consumption<\/h3><p>The total annual energy consumption of UOA is approximately <strong>10,000,000 kWh<\/strong>, distributed across campus facilities as shown in Table 1.<\/p><div class=\"ds-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Facility Type<\/th><th>Annual Energy Consumption (kWh)<\/th><th>% of Total Consumption<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Academic Buildings<\/td><td>4,500,000<\/td><td>45%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Laboratories &amp; IT<\/td><td>2,200,000<\/td><td>22%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dormitories<\/td><td>1,800,000<\/td><td>18%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Administrative Offices<\/td><td>1,200,000<\/td><td>12%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recreational Facilities<\/td><td>300,000<\/td><td>3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td><td>10,000,000<\/td><td>100%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3>3.2 High-Consumption Areas<\/h3><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li><strong>Laboratories and IT centers<\/strong>: Continuous operation of computers, servers, and laboratory equipment leads to significant energy usage.<\/li><li><strong>Academic buildings<\/strong>: Extended lighting and HVAC operation contributes to nearly half of the campus energy load.<\/li><li><strong>Dormitories<\/strong>: Heating\/cooling and water heating are major contributors, especially during peak seasons.<\/li><li><strong>Administrative offices<\/strong>: Inefficient lighting and HVAC systems cause unnecessary energy use.<\/li><\/ul><h3>3.3 Energy Inefficiencies<\/h3><p>The audit identified the following inefficiencies:<\/p><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li><strong>Lighting<\/strong>: Fluorescent and incandescent lamps still in use; lack of motion sensors in low-occupancy areas.<\/li><li><strong>HVAC Systems<\/strong>: Outdated equipment with fixed-speed fans, lack of programmable thermostats, and irregular maintenance schedules.<\/li><li><strong>Equipment<\/strong>: High-energy-consuming laboratory equipment not optimized for off-peak hours.<\/li><li><strong>Behavioral Factors<\/strong>: Lights, computers, and laboratory instruments left on after hours.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section id=\"4-energy-audit-findings\"><h2><span class=\"num\">04<\/span>Energy Audit Findings<\/h2><h3>4.1 Academic Buildings<\/h3><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Energy intensity averages <strong>180 kWh\/m\u00b2 per year<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Lighting contributes approximately <strong>35% of building energy use<\/strong>, HVAC systems account for <strong>50%<\/strong>, and miscellaneous loads make up the remainder.<\/li><li>Opportunities: Replace fluorescent lights with <strong>LEDs<\/strong>, introduce <strong>occupancy sensors<\/strong>, and optimize HVAC scheduling.<\/li><\/ul><h3>4.2 Laboratories and IT Centers<\/h3><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>High energy consumption due to continuous operation of servers, freezers, incubators, and laboratory equipment.<\/li><li>Peak-load periods correspond to research activity schedules.<\/li><li>Opportunities:<ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Implement <strong>energy-efficient laboratory equipment<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Introduce <strong>power management protocols<\/strong> for computers and servers.<\/li><li>Use <strong>time-based scheduling<\/strong> for non-critical equipment.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3>4.3 Residential Dormitories<\/h3><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Energy intensity averages <strong>130 kWh\/m\u00b2 per year<\/strong>, primarily for lighting, cooling, and water heating.<\/li><li>Older dormitories lack insulation and efficient window glazing.<\/li><li>Opportunities:<ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Solar water heaters for dormitories.<\/li><li>Upgraded insulation and energy-efficient HVAC systems.<\/li><li>Behavioral campaigns to reduce excessive energy use.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3>4.4 Administrative Offices<\/h3><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Energy intensity averages <strong>120 kWh\/m\u00b2 per year<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Inefficient lighting and HVAC operations identified.<\/li><li>Opportunities:<ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>LED retrofits and occupancy sensors.<\/li><li>Optimized HVAC operation schedules.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3>4.5 Recreational Facilities<\/h3><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Energy use relatively low but includes <strong>high peaks<\/strong> during sports events.<\/li><li>Opportunities:<ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Solar PV panels to offset lighting and HVAC loads.<\/li><li>Motion-controlled lighting in gyms and auditoriums.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/section><section id=\"5-proposed-energy-efficiency-improvements\"><h2><span class=\"num\">05<\/span>Proposed Energy Efficiency Improvements<\/h2><h3>5.1 Technical Interventions<\/h3><ol class=\"ds-olist\"><li><strong>Lighting Upgrades<\/strong>:<ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Replace all fluorescent and incandescent lamps with <strong>LED lighting<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Install <strong>motion sensors and daylight sensors<\/strong> in corridors, offices, and classrooms.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>HVAC Optimization<\/strong>:<ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Upgrade to <strong>high-efficiency chillers and boilers<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Install <strong>programmable thermostats<\/strong> and <strong>zone-based control systems<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Conduct routine <strong>preventive maintenance<\/strong> for maximum efficiency.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Equipment and IT Optimization<\/strong>:<ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Implement <strong>power management<\/strong> for computers, servers, and laboratory equipment.<\/li><li>Use <strong>energy-efficient appliances and instruments<\/strong> in labs and offices.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Building Envelope Improvements<\/strong>:<ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Insulate roofs and walls.<\/li><li>Replace single-pane windows with <strong>double-glazed energy-efficient windows<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Apply reflective coatings to reduce cooling loads.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Renewable Energy Integration<\/strong>:<ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Install <strong>solar photovoltaic panels<\/strong> on rooftops of academic and residential buildings.<\/li><li>Deploy <strong>solar water heating systems<\/strong> in dormitories and cafeterias.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><h3>5.2 Behavioral and Operational Measures<\/h3><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li><strong>Awareness Campaigns<\/strong>: Educate staff and students on energy conservation practices.<\/li><li><strong>Green Ambassadors Program<\/strong>: Student-led initiatives to monitor and reduce energy use.<\/li><li><strong>Energy Policies<\/strong>: Establish guidelines for turning off lights, computers, and laboratory equipment after hours.<\/li><li><strong>Monitoring and Feedback<\/strong>: Display real-time energy consumption dashboards in public areas.<\/li><\/ul><h3>5.3 Monitoring and Management<\/h3><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Implement <strong>Energy Management Information System (EMIS)<\/strong> for real-time monitoring.<\/li><li>Establish KPIs for energy consumption per student, per building, and per facility type.<\/li><li>Schedule <strong>quarterly reviews<\/strong> of energy performance and adjust interventions as needed.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section id=\"6-financial-analysis-and-roi\"><h2><span class=\"num\">06<\/span>Financial Analysis and ROI<\/h2><h3>6.1 Investment Estimates<\/h3><div class=\"ds-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Intervention<\/th><th>Estimated Cost (USD)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>LED Lighting Retrofit<\/td><td>150,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HVAC Optimization<\/td><td>120,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Building Envelope Improvements<\/td><td>200,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Renewable Energy Systems<\/td><td>550,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy Management System<\/td><td>50,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Training and Awareness<\/td><td>30,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td><td>1,100,000<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3>6.2 Expected Savings and ROI<\/h3><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Energy cost reductions of <strong>15\u201325% annually<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Payback period for lighting and HVAC upgrades: <strong>4\u20135 years<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Payback period for solar PV and water heating systems: <strong>7\u20138 years<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Long-term carbon footprint reduction and alignment with SDG 7.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section id=\"7-implementation-roadmap\"><h2><span class=\"num\">07<\/span>Implementation Roadmap<\/h2><p><strong>Phase 1 (Year 1)<\/strong>: Conduct audits, install EMIS, establish KPIs, and begin pilot retrofits.<br><strong>Phase 2 (Years 2\u20133)<\/strong>: Retrofit lighting, optimize HVAC, and upgrade equipment.<br><strong>Phase 3 (Years 4\u20135)<\/strong>: Scale renewable energy installations campus-wide and expand monitoring.<br><strong>Phase 4 (Ongoing)<\/strong>: Continuous monitoring, behavioral programs, and reporting.<\/p><\/section><section id=\"8-alignment-with-sdg-7\"><h2><span class=\"num\">08<\/span>Alignment with SDG 7<\/h2><p>The Energy Review and Audit supports SDG 7 by:<\/p><ul class=\"ds-list\"><li>Promoting <strong>affordable energy<\/strong> through reduced operational costs.<\/li><li>Increasing <strong>clean energy<\/strong> adoption via solar PV and water heating.<\/li><li>Enhancing <strong>energy efficiency<\/strong> in buildings and equipment.<\/li><li>Fostering <strong>sustainable behaviors<\/strong> among students and staff.<\/li><li>Strengthening <strong>institutional resilience and environmental leadership<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section id=\"9-conclusion\"><h2><span class=\"num\">09<\/span>Conclusion<\/h2><p>The Energy Review and Audit at the University of Al Maarif provides a <strong>comprehensive roadmap<\/strong> to identify high-consumption areas, evaluate energy performance, and implement sustainable improvements. By combining <strong>technical retrofits<\/strong>, <strong>renewable energy integration<\/strong>, and <strong>behavioral initiatives<\/strong>, UOA can achieve measurable reductions in energy use and carbon emissions while promoting sustainability awareness across the campus.<\/p><p>This report positions UOA as a <strong>model sustainable university<\/strong> in Iraq and the MENA region, contributing significantly to the achievement of <strong>SDG 7 \u2013 Affordable and Clean Energy<\/strong>.<\/p><\/section><section id=\"10-references\"><h2><span class=\"num\">10<\/span>References<\/h2><ol class=\"ds-olist\"><li>United Nations. (2015). <em>Sustainable Development Goals<\/em>.<\/li><li>International Energy Agency (IEA). (2023). <em>Energy Efficiency 2023<\/em>.<\/li><li>UI GreenMetric World University Ranking. (2023). <em>Sustainability Indicators for Higher Education Institutions<\/em>.<\/li><li>United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2022). <em>Energy Efficiency Guidelines<\/em>.<\/li><li>Iraqi Ministry of Electricity. (2023). <em>National Energy Strategy and Policy<\/em>.<\/li><li>UOA Facilities Department. (2023). <em>Internal Energy Audit Reports<\/em>.<\/li><\/ol><div class=\"ds-gallery\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/photo_1_2025-08-03_04-05-42.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/photo_17_2025-08-03_04-05-27.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/photo_37_2025-08-03_04-05-27.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sustainability.uoa.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/photo_42_2025-08-03_04-05-27.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home\/SDG 7\/7.2.5 7Affordable and Clean Energy Energy Reviews &amp; Audits Indicator 7.2.5 11 sections SDG 7 Indicators 15 7.0Sustainability Report \u2013 SDG 07 7.1Research on Clean Energy 7.2.1Energy-Efficient Buildings Policy 7.2.2Building Upgrades 7.2.3Carbon Management System 7.2.4Energy Efficiency Plan 7.2.5Energy Reviews &amp; 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